Archeologist Breathes New Life Into Recently Abandoned 5000-Year-Old City

Slung between the Roman and Parthian empires, the oasis city of Palmyra (located in the Syrian Desert) once stood as the heart of trading networks that made its inhabitants wealthy and powerful. Rubina Raja, a classical archeology professor at Aarhus University, Denmark, draws on archeological and literary sources to tell Palmyra’s story, from its Bronze Age beginnings to its place starting in the first century CE as an international trade hub of the Roman Empire. Palmyra grew more powerful from there, with celebrated queen Zenobia leading a rebellion against Rome that led to the brief existence of the Palmyrene Empire and ultimately the Roman sacking of Palmyra in 273 CE. A smaller version of the city was built in its place, Raja, who is director of the Palmyra Portrait Project, an organization that studies Roman-era Palmyra funeral portraits, recounts. But it never regained its former glory.